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  • Handbook
    • 1 Introduction
      • The Problem
      • COST 341
      • The Handbook
      • Roads, railways and waterways
      • Measures described in the handbook
      • New and existing network
      • The European approach
    • 2 Users’ Guide
    • 3 Effects of Infrastructure on Nature
      • 3.1 Defining habitat fragmentation
      • 3.2 Ecological effects of transport infrastructure
      • 3.3 Primary ecological effects
      • 3.4 Secondary ecological effects
      • 3.5 Landscape ecology perspectives
    • 4 Developing Integrated Solutions
      • 4.1 Countering the threat of habitat fragmentation
      • 4.2 The importance of early consideration of habitat fragmentation
      • 4.3 Integrated solutions
    • 5 Planning Tools
      • 5.1 Planning to avoid and reduce fragmentation
      • 5.2 At the strategic planning phase (SEA)
      • 5.3 At the project planning phase (EIA)
      • 5.4 Fragmentation impact assessment of the new infrastructure and EIA
      • 5.5 Existing structures
      • 5.6 Upgrading roads and railways
      • 5.7 Costs and benefits
      • 5.8 Recommendations
    • 6 Integration of Infrastructure into Landscape
      • 6.1 Introduction
      • 6.2 Alignment
      • 6.3 Earthworks: cuttings and embankments
      • 6.4 Design solutions
      • 6.5 Conclusions
    • 7 Solutions to reduce transport infrastructure impacts on wildlife
      • 7.1 Introduction
      • 7.2 Reducing wildlife mortality
      • 7.3 Other measures to reduce mortality and disturbance
      • 7.4 Reducing barrier effect: wildlife passages
      • 7.5 References
    • 8 Ecological Compensation
      • 8.1 The concept of ecological compensation
      • 8.2 Legal obligations
      • 8.3 Achieving ecological compensation in infrastructure projects
      • 8.4 Mitigation banking
    • 9 Monitoring and Evaluation
      • 9.1 General principles of monitoring
      • 9.2 Designing a monitoring programme
      • 9.3 Quality control during the construction phase
      • 9.4 Methods for monitoring fauna casualties and the use of fauna passages
    • 10 Maintenance
      • 10.1 Introduction
      • 10.2 Developing an adaptive ecological asset maintenance plan
      • 10.3. Maintenance requirements for ecological asset and wildlife management
      • 10.4 Maintenance tasks sheets
    • Annex 1. Glossary
    • Viewer complet Handbook (1st ed. 2003)

    1 Introduction

    • The Problem
    • COST 341
    • The Handbook
    • Roads, railways and waterways
    • Measures described in the handbook
    • New and existing network
    • The European approach
    Menu
    • The Problem
    • COST 341
    • The Handbook
    • Roads, railways and waterways
    • Measures described in the handbook
    • New and existing network
    • The European approach

    2 Users’ Guide

    • How to use this Handbook
    Menu
    • How to use this Handbook

    3 Effects of Infrastructure on Nature

    • 3.1 Defining habitat fragmentation
    • 3.2 Ecological effects of transport infrastructure
    • 3.3 Primary ecological effects
    • 3.4 Secondary ecological effects
    • 3.5 Landscape ecology perspectives
    Menu
    • 3.1 Defining habitat fragmentation
    • 3.2 Ecological effects of transport infrastructure
    • 3.3 Primary ecological effects
    • 3.4 Secondary ecological effects
    • 3.5 Landscape ecology perspectives

    4 Developing Integrated Solutions

    • 4.1 Countering the threat of habitat fragmentation
    • 4.2 The importance of early consideration of habitat fragmentation
    • 4.3 Integrated solutions
    Menu
    • 4.1 Countering the threat of habitat fragmentation
    • 4.2 The importance of early consideration of habitat fragmentation
    • 4.3 Integrated solutions

    5 Planning Tools

    • 5.1 Planning to avoid and reduce fragmentation
    • 5.2 At the strategic planning phase (SEA)
    • 5.3 At the project planning phase (EIA)
    • 5.4 Fragmentation impact assessment of the new infrastructure and EIA
    • 5.5 Existing structures
    • 5.6 Upgrading roads and railways
    • 5.7 Costs and benefits
    • 5.8 Recommendations
    Menu
    • 5.1 Planning to avoid and reduce fragmentation
    • 5.2 At the strategic planning phase (SEA)
    • 5.3 At the project planning phase (EIA)
    • 5.4 Fragmentation impact assessment of the new infrastructure and EIA
    • 5.5 Existing structures
    • 5.6 Upgrading roads and railways
    • 5.7 Costs and benefits
    • 5.8 Recommendations

    6 Integration of Infrastructure into Landscape

    • 6.1 Introduction
    • 6.2 Alignment
    • 6.3 Earthworks: cuttings and embankments
    • 6.4 Design solutions
    • 6.5 Conclusions
    Menu
    • 6.1 Introduction
    • 6.2 Alignment
    • 6.3 Earthworks: cuttings and embankments
    • 6.4 Design solutions
    • 6.5 Conclusions

    7 Solutions to reduce transport infrastructure impacts on wildlife

    • 7.1 Introduction
    • 7.2 Reducing wildlife mortality
    • 7.3 Other measures to reduce mortality and disturbance
    • 7.4 Reducing barrier effect: wildlife passages
    • 7.5 References
    Menu
    • 7.1 Introduction
    • 7.2 Reducing wildlife mortality
    • 7.3 Other measures to reduce mortality and disturbance
    • 7.4 Reducing barrier effect: wildlife passages
    • 7.5 References

    8 Ecological Compensation

    • 8.1 The concept of ecological compensation
    • 8.2 Legal obligations
    • 8.3 Achieving ecological compensation in infrastructure projects
    • 8.4 Mitigation banking
    Menu
    • 8.1 The concept of ecological compensation
    • 8.2 Legal obligations
    • 8.3 Achieving ecological compensation in infrastructure projects
    • 8.4 Mitigation banking

    9 Monitoring and Evaluation

    • 9.1 General principles of monitoring
    • 9.2 Designing a monitoring programme
    • 9.3 Quality control during the construction phase
    • 9.4 Methods for monitoring fauna casualties and the use of fauna passages
    Menu
    • 9.1 General principles of monitoring
    • 9.2 Designing a monitoring programme
    • 9.3 Quality control during the construction phase
    • 9.4 Methods for monitoring fauna casualties and the use of fauna passages

    10 Maintenance of ecological assets on transport linear infrastructure

    • 10.1 Introduction
    • 10.2 Developing an adaptive ecological asset maintenance plan
    • 10.3. Maintenance requirements for ecological asset and wildlife management
    • 10.4 Maintenance tasks sheets
    • 10.5 References
    Menu
    • 10.1 Introduction
    • 10.2 Developing an adaptive ecological asset maintenance plan
    • 10.3. Maintenance requirements for ecological asset and wildlife management
    • 10.4 Maintenance tasks sheets
    • 10.5 References

    Annex 1. Glossary

    Viewer complete handbook ( 1st ed 2003)

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Wildlife & Traffic

A European Handbook for Identifying Conflicts and Designing Solutions

10 Maintenance of ecological assets on transport linear infrastructure
New chapter (2020). Produced in cooperation with the CEDR Transnational Road Research Program ‘Roads and Wildlife’
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Contents

  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Developing an adaptive ecological asset maintenance plan
  • 10.3. Maintenance requirements for ecological asset and wildlife management
  • 10.4 Maintenance tasks sheets
    • Maintenance of fencing: meshes and poles
    • Maintenance of fencing: escape devices
    • Maintenance of cattle grids
    • Maintenance of screens installed to reduce disturbances
    • Maintenance of amphibian/small fauna fences
    • Maintenance of ecoducts, wildlife and multiuse overpasses
    • Maintenance of viaducts, wildlife and multiuse underpasses
    • Maintenance of modified culverts
    • Maintenance of amphibian tunnels
    • Maintenance of wildlife awareness signs
    • Maintenance of signs activated by Animal Detection Systems (ADS)
    • Management of vegetation
    • Management of habitats for pollinators and other small fauna
    • Control of Invasive Alien Species (IAS)
    • Management of verges to reduce forest fire risk in sensitive areas
    • Management of retention ponds to wildlife
    • Management of road killed animals
    • Management of Animal-Vehicle Collisions (AVC) data
  • 10.5 References
  • Appendix 1
  • Appendix 2
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Continue reading "10.1 Introduction"

Transport Ecology Guidelines Portal

  • Project websites
  • Publications

Wildlife & Traffic Handbook

  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Users’ Guide
  • 3 Effects of Infrastructure on Nature
  • 4 Developing Integrated Solutions
  • 5 Planning Tools
  • 6 Integration of Infrastructure into Landscape
  • 7 Solutions to reduce transport infrastructure impacts on wildlife
  • 8 Ecological Compensation
  • 9 Monitoring and Evaluation
  • 10 Maintenance
  • Annex 1. Glossary
Menu
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Users’ Guide
  • 3 Effects of Infrastructure on Nature
  • 4 Developing Integrated Solutions
  • 5 Planning Tools
  • 6 Integration of Infrastructure into Landscape
  • 7 Solutions to reduce transport infrastructure impacts on wildlife
  • 8 Ecological Compensation
  • 9 Monitoring and Evaluation
  • 10 Maintenance
  • Annex 1. Glossary
Contribute to improve the handbook
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