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  • Handbook
    • 1 Introduction
      • The Problem
      • COST 341
      • The Handbook
      • Roads, railways and waterways
      • Measures described in the handbook
      • New and existing network
      • The European approach
    • 2 Users’ Guide
    • 3 Effects of Infrastructure on Nature
      • 3.1 Defining habitat fragmentation
      • 3.2 Ecological effects of transport infrastructure
      • 3.3 Primary ecological effects
      • 3.4 Secondary ecological effects
      • 3.5 Landscape ecology perspectives
    • 4 Developing Integrated Solutions
      • 4.1 Countering the threat of habitat fragmentation
      • 4.2 The importance of early consideration of habitat fragmentation
      • 4.3 Integrated solutions
    • 5 Planning Tools
      • 5.1 Planning to avoid and reduce fragmentation
      • 5.2 At the strategic planning phase (SEA)
      • 5.3 At the project planning phase (EIA)
      • 5.4 Fragmentation impact assessment of the new infrastructure and EIA
      • 5.5 Existing structures
      • 5.6 Upgrading roads and railways
      • 5.7 Costs and benefits
      • 5.8 Recommendations
    • 6 Integration of Infrastructure into Landscape
      • 6.1 Introduction
      • 6.2 Alignment
      • 6.3 Earthworks: cuttings and embankments
      • 6.4 Design solutions
      • 6.5 Conclusions
    • 7 Solutions to reduce transport infrastructure impacts on wildlife
      • 7.1 Introduction
      • 7.2 Reducing wildlife mortality
      • 7.3 Other measures to reduce mortality and disturbance
      • 7.4 Reducing barrier effect: wildlife passages
      • 7.5 References
    • 8 Ecological Compensation
      • 8.1 The concept of ecological compensation
      • 8.2 Legal obligations
      • 8.3 Achieving ecological compensation in infrastructure projects
      • 8.4 Mitigation banking
    • 9 Monitoring and Evaluation
      • 9.1 General principles of monitoring
      • 9.2 Designing a monitoring programme
      • 9.3 Quality control during the construction phase
      • 9.4 Methods for monitoring fauna casualties and the use of fauna passages
    • 10 Maintenance
      • 10.1 Introduction
      • 10.2 Developing an adaptive ecological asset maintenance plan
      • 10.3. Maintenance requirements for ecological asset and wildlife management
      • 10.4 Maintenance tasks sheets
    • Annex 1. Glossary
    • Viewer complet Handbook (1st ed. 2003)

    1 Introduction

    • The Problem
    • COST 341
    • The Handbook
    • Roads, railways and waterways
    • Measures described in the handbook
    • New and existing network
    • The European approach
    Menu
    • The Problem
    • COST 341
    • The Handbook
    • Roads, railways and waterways
    • Measures described in the handbook
    • New and existing network
    • The European approach

    2 Users’ Guide

    • How to use this Handbook
    Menu
    • How to use this Handbook

    3 Effects of Infrastructure on Nature

    • 3.1 Defining habitat fragmentation
    • 3.2 Ecological effects of transport infrastructure
    • 3.3 Primary ecological effects
    • 3.4 Secondary ecological effects
    • 3.5 Landscape ecology perspectives
    Menu
    • 3.1 Defining habitat fragmentation
    • 3.2 Ecological effects of transport infrastructure
    • 3.3 Primary ecological effects
    • 3.4 Secondary ecological effects
    • 3.5 Landscape ecology perspectives

    4 Developing Integrated Solutions

    • 4.1 Countering the threat of habitat fragmentation
    • 4.2 The importance of early consideration of habitat fragmentation
    • 4.3 Integrated solutions
    Menu
    • 4.1 Countering the threat of habitat fragmentation
    • 4.2 The importance of early consideration of habitat fragmentation
    • 4.3 Integrated solutions

    5 Planning Tools

    • 5.1 Planning to avoid and reduce fragmentation
    • 5.2 At the strategic planning phase (SEA)
    • 5.3 At the project planning phase (EIA)
    • 5.4 Fragmentation impact assessment of the new infrastructure and EIA
    • 5.5 Existing structures
    • 5.6 Upgrading roads and railways
    • 5.7 Costs and benefits
    • 5.8 Recommendations
    Menu
    • 5.1 Planning to avoid and reduce fragmentation
    • 5.2 At the strategic planning phase (SEA)
    • 5.3 At the project planning phase (EIA)
    • 5.4 Fragmentation impact assessment of the new infrastructure and EIA
    • 5.5 Existing structures
    • 5.6 Upgrading roads and railways
    • 5.7 Costs and benefits
    • 5.8 Recommendations

    6 Integration of Infrastructure into Landscape

    • 6.1 Introduction
    • 6.2 Alignment
    • 6.3 Earthworks: cuttings and embankments
    • 6.4 Design solutions
    • 6.5 Conclusions
    Menu
    • 6.1 Introduction
    • 6.2 Alignment
    • 6.3 Earthworks: cuttings and embankments
    • 6.4 Design solutions
    • 6.5 Conclusions

    7 Solutions to reduce transport infrastructure impacts on wildlife

    • 7.1 Introduction
    • 7.2 Reducing wildlife mortality
    • 7.3 Other measures to reduce mortality and disturbance
    • 7.4 Reducing barrier effect: wildlife passages
    • 7.5 References
    Menu
    • 7.1 Introduction
    • 7.2 Reducing wildlife mortality
    • 7.3 Other measures to reduce mortality and disturbance
    • 7.4 Reducing barrier effect: wildlife passages
    • 7.5 References

    8 Ecological Compensation

    • 8.1 The concept of ecological compensation
    • 8.2 Legal obligations
    • 8.3 Achieving ecological compensation in infrastructure projects
    • 8.4 Mitigation banking
    Menu
    • 8.1 The concept of ecological compensation
    • 8.2 Legal obligations
    • 8.3 Achieving ecological compensation in infrastructure projects
    • 8.4 Mitigation banking

    9 Monitoring and Evaluation

    • 9.1 General principles of monitoring
    • 9.2 Designing a monitoring programme
    • 9.3 Quality control during the construction phase
    • 9.4 Methods for monitoring fauna casualties and the use of fauna passages
    Menu
    • 9.1 General principles of monitoring
    • 9.2 Designing a monitoring programme
    • 9.3 Quality control during the construction phase
    • 9.4 Methods for monitoring fauna casualties and the use of fauna passages

    10 Maintenance of ecological assets on transport linear infrastructure

    • 10.1 Introduction
    • 10.2 Developing an adaptive ecological asset maintenance plan
    • 10.3. Maintenance requirements for ecological asset and wildlife management
    • 10.4 Maintenance tasks sheets
    • 10.5 References
    Menu
    • 10.1 Introduction
    • 10.2 Developing an adaptive ecological asset maintenance plan
    • 10.3. Maintenance requirements for ecological asset and wildlife management
    • 10.4 Maintenance tasks sheets
    • 10.5 References

    Annex 1. Glossary

    Viewer complete handbook ( 1st ed 2003)

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Wildlife & Traffic

A European Handbook for Identifying Conflicts and Designing Solutions

10 Maintenance of ecological assets on transport linear infrastructure

September 2020
 

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Contents
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Developing an adaptive ecological asset maintenance plan
  • 10.3. Maintenance requirements for ecological asset and wildlife management
  • 10.4 Maintenance tasks sheets
    • Maintenance of fencing: meshes and poles
    • Maintenance of fencing: escape devices
    • Maintenance of cattle grids
    • Maintenance of screens installed to reduce disturbances
    • Maintenance of amphibian/small fauna fences
    • Maintenance of ecoducts, wildlife and multiuse overpasses
    • Maintenance of viaducts, wildlife and multiuse underpasses
    • Maintenance of modified culverts
    • Maintenance of amphibian tunnels
    • Maintenance of wildlife awareness signs
    • Maintenance of signs activated by Animal Detection Systems (ADS)
    • Management of vegetation
    • Management of habitats for pollinators and other small fauna
    • Control of Invasive Alien Species (IAS)
    • Management of verges to reduce forest fire risk in sensitive areas
    • Management of retention ponds to wildlife
    • Management of road killed animals
    • Management of Animal-Vehicle Collisions (AVC) data
  • 10.5 References
  • Appendix 1
  • Appendix 2

Appendix 2. Fields to be included in the ecological asset database. Example of a wildlife crossing description form

Appendix 1
Annex 1. Glossary

Transport Ecology Guidelines Portal

  • Project websites
  • Publications

Wildlife & Traffic Handbook

  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Users’ Guide
  • 3 Effects of Infrastructure on Nature
  • 4 Developing Integrated Solutions
  • 5 Planning Tools
  • 6 Integration of Infrastructure into Landscape
  • 7 Solutions to reduce transport infrastructure impacts on wildlife
  • 8 Ecological Compensation
  • 9 Monitoring and Evaluation
  • 10 Maintenance
  • Annex 1. Glossary
Menu
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Users’ Guide
  • 3 Effects of Infrastructure on Nature
  • 4 Developing Integrated Solutions
  • 5 Planning Tools
  • 6 Integration of Infrastructure into Landscape
  • 7 Solutions to reduce transport infrastructure impacts on wildlife
  • 8 Ecological Compensation
  • 9 Monitoring and Evaluation
  • 10 Maintenance
  • Annex 1. Glossary
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