When planning to minimise fragmentation, it should be considered that:

• Full incorporation of fragmentation issues into the SEA/EIA obtains the most efficient basis for decision-making with regards to programmes, routing options and design details.
• Comprehensive environmental and ecological information is needed to plan the minimisation of fragmentation caused by both new and existing infrastructure.
• Upgrading roads and railways also requires a comprehensive EIA similar to that used in the planning of new roads.
• Cost-Benefit Analysis based on monetary calculations should be complemented by analysis of the non-monetary benefits to give a thorough appraisal of investments and consequences.